Serious Game-Based Flood Visualization System for Disaster Mitigation Capacity Building
Keywords:
Flood Visualization, Serious Game, Disaster Mitigation, Virtual Environment, Interactive Simulation
https://doi.org/10.56134/jst.v4i2.153
Abstract
Flood-prone urban areas continue to face challenges in disaster preparedness due to limited public understanding of flood dynamics and appropriate mitigation responses. Conventional educational approaches often rely on static information that is insufficient to represent rapidly changing flood conditions. This study aims to design and evaluate a serious game–based flood visualization system that serves as an interactive educational medium for disaster mitigation capacity building. The research adopts a structured development approach based on the Game Development Life Cycle, encompassing needs analysis, virtual environment and scenario design, system implementation, and functional and user-based testing. Flood risk conditions are classified using multi-criteria environmental parameters and translated into real-time visual representations within a three-dimensional simulation environment. The results demonstrate that the developed system effectively supports users in recognizing flood behavior, understanding contributing factors, and identifying appropriate mitigation actions. User testing indicates high levels of clarity, engagement, and perceived educational value, suggesting that interactive visualization enhances experiential learning in disaster contexts. This study contributes to disaster education and information systems research by providing a replicable design model that integrates decision-support mechanisms with immersive visualization to strengthen community-level flood mitigation awareness and preparedness.
Downloads
References
Aleem, S., Capretz, L. F., & Ahmed, F. (2016). Game development software engineering process life cycle: a systematic review. Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development, 4(1), 6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40411-016-0032-7
Ben Amara, B., Mhiri Sellami, H., & Ben Said, L. (2024). An approach for serious game design and development based on iterative evaluation. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, 36(10), e2680. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2680
Bennett, W. G., Karunarathna, H., Xuan, Y., Kusuma, M. S. B., Farid, M., Kuntoro, A. A., Rahayu, H. P., Kombaitan, B., Septiadi, D., Kesuma, T. N. A., & others. (2023). Modelling compound flooding: a case study from Jakarta, Indonesia. Natural Hazards, 118(1), 277–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06001-1
Booch, G., Jacobson, I., Rumbaugh, J., & others. (1996). The unified modeling language. Unix Review, 14(13), 5.
Cadiz, G. S., Lacre, G. J. R., Delamente, R. L., & Diquito, T. J. A. (2023). Game-based learning approach in science education: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(03), 1856–1865.
Cea, L., & Costabile, P. (2022). Flood risk in urban areas: Modelling, management and adaptation to climate change. A review. Hydrology, 9(3), 50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9030050
Da-Silva, P., & Paton, N. W. (2000). UML i: The unified modeling language for interactive applications. International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language, 117–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-40011-7_9
Ding, Y., Zhu, Q., & Lin, H. (2014). An integrated virtual geographic environmental simulation framework: a case study of flood disaster simulation. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 17(4), 190–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2014.988199
Esmaili, R., & Karipour, S. A. (2024). Comparison of weighting methods of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in evaluation of flood hazard index. Natural Hazards, 120(9), 8619–8638. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2504-9
Feng, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., & Han, X. (2018). Just the right amount of ethics inspires creativity: A cross-level investigation of ethical leadership, intrinsic motivation, and employee creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(3), 645–658.
Feng, Z., González, V. A., Amor, R., Lovreglio, R., & Cabrera-Guerrero, G. (2018). Immersive virtual reality serious games for evacuation training and research: A systematic literature review. Computers & Education, 127, 252–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.002
Firdhayanti, A., Taufik, T., Bachry, B., & others. (2023). User Acceptance Testing through Blackbox Evaluation for Corn Distribution Information System. Bit-Tech, 6(2), 208–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32877/bt.v6i2.1065
Franci, F., Bitelli, G., Mandanici, E., Hadjimitsis, D., & Agapiou, A. (2016). Satellite remote sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for flood hazard mapping. Natural Hazards, 83(Suppl 1), 31–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2504-9
Gaborit, P. (2022). Climate adaptation to Multi-Hazard climate related risks in ten Indonesian Cities: Ambitions and challenges. Climate Risk Management, 37, 100453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100453
Garcia Ulerio, J., Al Khatibd, M., Aammar, B., Ragazzoni, L., Barone-Adesi, F., & Caviglia, M. (2025). Simulation technology use in disaster medicine education and training: a scoping review. Frontiers in Disaster and Emergency Medicine, 3, 1636285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/femer.2025.1636285
Glago, F. J. (2021). Flood disaster hazards; causes, impacts and management: a state-of-the-art review. Natural Hazards-Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95048
Hendra, P., Ilham, A., & Intan, A. (2024). Flood analysis based on the influence of geomorphology and rainfall patterns in the Tallo River flow area, makassar city, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. 45th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, ACRS 2024.
Ishak, B. S., & Chowdhury, K. (2024). The role of local governments in flood disaster mitigation in Makassar city. Tamalanrea: Journal of Government and Development (JGD), 1(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.69816/jgd.v1i2.36472
Kadir, T. A. A., Xuan, D. Y. W., & Nazri, S. N. (2024). Building Flood Resilience: A 3D Simulation Game for Public Awareness. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing (ICOCO), 446–451. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOCO62848.2024.10928216
Khanal, S., Medasetti, U. S., Mashal, M., Savage, B., & Khadka, R. (2022). Virtual and augmented reality in the disaster management technology: a literature review of the past 11 years. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, 843195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.843195
Kobewka, D., Backman, C., Hendry, P., Hamstra, S. J., Suh, K. N., Code, C., & Forster, A. J. (2014). The feasibility of e-learning as a quality improvement tool. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 20(5), 606–610. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12169
Levy, J. K. (2005). Multiple criteria decision making and decision support systems for flood risk management. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 19(6), 438–447. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-005-0009-2
Li, H., Yazdi, M., Huang, C.-G., & Peng, W. (2022). A reliable probabilistic risk-based decision-making method: Bayesian Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (B-TOPSIS). Soft Computing, 26(22), 12137–12153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2021.15.3.6
Li, N., Sun, N., Cao, C., Hou, S., & Gong, Y. (2022). Review on visualization technology in simulation training system for major natural disasters. Natural Hazards, 112(3), 1851–1882. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05277-z
Li, Q. (2010). Digital game building: Learning in a participatory culture. Educational Research, 52(4), 427–443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2010.524752
Mao, W., Cui, Y., Chiu, M. M., & Lei, H. (2022). Effects of game-based learning on students’ critical thinking: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(8), 1682–1708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211007098
Massaâbi, M., Layouni, O., Oueslati, W. B. M., & Alahmari, F. (2018). An immersive system for 3d floods visualization and analysis. International Conference on Immersive Learning, 69–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93596-6_5
Maxim, R. I., & Arnedo-Moreno, J. (2025). Identifying key principles and commonalities in digital serious game design frameworks: Scoping review. JMIR Serious Games, 13, e54075. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2196/54075
Meechang, K., Leelawat, N., Tang, J., Kodaka, A., & Chintanapakdee, C. (2020). The acceptance of using information technology for disaster risk management: A systematic review. Engineering Journal, 24(4), 111–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.4.111
Ramadan, R., & Widyani, Y. (2013). Game development life cycle guidelines. 2013 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 95–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS.2013.6761558
Roedavan, R., Pudjoatmodjo, B., Siradj, Y., Salam, S., & Hardianti, B. Q. (2021). Serious Game Development Model Based on the Game-Based Learning Foundation. Journal of ICT Research & Applications, 15(3).
Supriyadi. (2020). Functional test of the online Recognition of Work Experience and Learning Outcome System using black box testing. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1446(1), 12060. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1446/1/012060
Tingsanchali, T. (2012). Urban flood disaster management. Procedia Engineering, 32, 25–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233
Wang, C., Hou, J., Miller, D., Brown, I., & Jiang, Y. (2019). Flood risk management in sponge cities: The role of integrated simulation and 3D visualization. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 39, 101139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101139
Yahya, M., Mujahid, L. M. A., Akbar, M., Sastrawati, I., Mahamud, M. A., & Irfan, M. (2025). Application of Flood Modeling in Informal Settlement Areas in Makassar City, Indonesia. Planning, 20(5), 1831–1846. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.200503
Zhu, M., & Wang, A. I. (2019). Model-driven game development: A literature review. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 52(6), 1–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3365000
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Idil Fitri Idris, Yuliana Yuliana, Rosmini Rosmini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
