Agile Laravel-Based e-HMS for Secure Appointment Booking and Role-Based Clinical Workflow Management

Abstract

When appointment scheduling, treatment documentation, and messaging live in separate systems, coordinating tasks across healthcare roles becomes difficult. This study designed, implemented, and evaluated a web-based electronic healthcare management system that integrates these functions for administrators, healthcare providers, and patients. The system was developed iteratively using Laravel and the Model-View-Controller architecture. Requirements-based functional testing compared observed system behavior with predefined outcomes for authentication, appointment booking and approval, treatment documentation, and messaging. All 29 reported test cases met their expected outcomes (100%), including 9 administrator, 9 healthcare provider, and 11 patient scenarios. In the appointment workflow, patients could book appointments and healthcare providers could approve them, as specified in the corresponding test cases. The study provides a documented implementation that links role-specific requirements to integrated healthcare workflows and shows how functional test cases can verify these requirements. The findings establish that the system met the specified requirements for the scenarios tested. Separate evaluations are needed to assess security, scalability, interoperability, and clinical effectiveness. These evaluations would address properties that the reported functional tests were not designed to measure.