Plagiarism and Similarity Screening Policy

Ceddi Journal of Management and Business Adaptation (CJMBA) is committed to maintaining high standards of academic integrity, originality, and ethical scholarly publishing. The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, inappropriate text reuse, duplicate or redundant publication, citation manipulation, or other forms of unattributed use of intellectual work.

Similarity Screening

All submitted manuscripts are screened using professional similarity-detection software such as Turnitin and/or iThenticate as part of the initial editorial assessment and before external peer review. Additional similarity screening may be conducted during the editorial or production process when necessary.

Similarity-detection software is used as an editorial screening tool and does not, by itself, determine whether plagiarism has occurred. Similarity reports are evaluated by the editorial team by considering the nature, extent, source, distribution, and context of the matched material.

Similarity Threshold

As an editorial screening guideline, manuscripts with an overall similarity index exceeding 25% will undergo careful editorial evaluation. Depending on the nature, extent, source, and location of the similarity, the manuscript may be returned to the author(s) for clarification or revision, may be subjected to further investigation, or may be rejected when substantial plagiarism or other serious ethical concerns are identified.

The 25% similarity level is not an automatic acceptance or rejection threshold. A manuscript with a similarity index below 25% may still be considered problematic if it contains significant unattributed copying from one or more sources. Conversely, legitimate similarity arising from properly cited quotations, references, standard methodological terminology, institutional names, commonly used expressions, or other appropriately attributed material will be evaluated in context.

Forms of Plagiarism and Unacceptable Overlap

CJMBA considers plagiarism and inappropriate overlap to include, but not be limited to, the following:

• Copying text, ideas, data, figures, tables, images, or other material from another source without appropriate acknowledgment or citation;
• Presenting another person's ideas, arguments, findings, or intellectual contributions as one's own;
• Paraphrasing material from another source without appropriate attribution;
• Reproducing substantial portions of previously published material without appropriate citation, permission, disclosure, or justification;
• Duplicate or redundant publication of substantially the same work without appropriate disclosure and justification;
• Inappropriate reuse of an author's own previously published text, data, figures, tables, or other material without appropriate citation or disclosure;
• Using translated material from another source without appropriate acknowledgment of the original source;
• Using data, images, figures, tables, or other intellectual material without appropriate authorization where permission is required; and
• Manipulating citations or references in a manner that misrepresents the scholarly origin of ideas, evidence, or material.

Editorial Action Before Publication

When problematic similarity or suspected plagiarism is identified before publication, the editorial team will evaluate the evidence and determine the appropriate action according to the nature and seriousness of the issue. The manuscript may be returned to the author(s) for explanation or revision, rejected from further consideration, or subjected to further investigation when necessary.

Authors may be asked to provide relevant source materials, data, documentation, permissions, or explanations to assist the editorial assessment. Serious or deliberate plagiarism may result in rejection of the manuscript regardless of the stage of the editorial or peer-review process.

Plagiarism Identified After Publication

If plagiarism, substantial unattributed overlap, duplicate publication, or related misconduct is identified after publication, CJMBA will investigate the matter and take appropriate action according to the nature and severity of the issue.

Post-publication action may include a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other appropriate editorial measure. Where retraction is warranted, the article will be handled in accordance with the journal's Retraction and Withdrawal Policy and relevant publication ethics guidance.

Author Responsibilities

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscripts are original, that all sources are accurately and appropriately cited, and that permissions have been obtained where required for copyrighted or third-party material. Authors must accurately represent the scholarly origin of all text, ideas, data, figures, tables, images, and other materials included in their manuscripts.

Authors must not attempt to manipulate similarity reports or conceal unattributed material through inappropriate paraphrasing, translation, image alteration, character substitution, hidden text, or other deceptive practices intended to circumvent similarity-detection systems.

Authors are also responsible for appropriately disclosing and citing relevant previously disseminated material, including conference papers, preprints, reports, theses, dissertations, datasets, or other related works, where applicable.

Editorial Assessment

Editorial decisions concerning plagiarism and similarity are based on qualitative academic and ethical assessment rather than solely on numerical similarity scores. The editorial team considers the context and significance of matched material and may seek clarification from the authors or additional expert assessment when necessary.

The journal reserves the right to reject a manuscript or take appropriate post-publication action when plagiarism or other serious violations of publication ethics are established, regardless of the overall similarity percentage reported by similarity-detection software.

Publication Ethics Guidance

Cases of suspected plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate text reuse, citation manipulation, or related publication misconduct are handled in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Questions or concerns regarding plagiarism, similarity screening, or research integrity may be directed to the CJMBA editorial office at admin@ceddi.id.